Technical report. Implementing a solar mini-grid in Kobe refugee camp: technical design, management and economic model

We publish the document “Implementing a solar mini-grid in Kobe refugee camp: technical design, management and economic model” to present the methodology used to develop the technical design, management and economic model of a solar mini-grid system to provide energy access to critical community services in Kobe refugee camp and its host community.

This report complements the report of the initial phase, which assessed the energy needs and defined the preliminary technical solution (documented in “Designing a Mini-Grid in Kobe Refugee Camp: Input Data and Level of Energy Access in Communal Services”).

As can be seen in the document, the technical model optimises energy generation and storage using solar photovoltaic technology and lithium-ion batteries to ensure high reliability and minimal environmental impact.

The report also describes a strong multi-stakeholder governance model. This framework involves direct beneficiaries, such as institutions receiving energy services, local authorities, NGOs and international organisations. The model ensures that financial contributions from beneficiaries cover operating costs and that responsibility for maintenance lies with a capable energy cooperative. Partnership agreements define the roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders, ensuring transparency and commitment to long-term sustainability.

Key lessons learned highlight the critical need to integrate technical expertise with local and institutional knowledge, while fostering collaboration between different actors. In addition, overcoming challenges such as the instability of beneficiary institutions, technical risks during installation and operational uncertainties required a combination of technical precision, local knowledge and stakeholder coordination.