• Alianza Shire, which was selected as a good practice at the first Global Refugee Forum, has just completed a renewable energy access project in the Kobe and Hilaweyn refugee camps and host communities in Dollo Ado, southern Ethiopia.
  • With a working model based on public-private-social collaboration, a solar mini-grid has been installed that supplies 16 community centres, 207 solar street lights and more than 1,700 home photovoltaic systems, improving the living and employment conditions of some 55,000 people in refugee and host communities. In addition, innovative management models have been designed to ensure the sustainability of the solutions implemented.
  • The project has been promoted by a multi-stakeholder partnership formed by the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), the Innovation and Technology for Development Centre of the Technical University of Madrid (itdUPM), the acciona.org Foundation, Signify and Iberdrola, with the collaboration of UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, and co-funding from the European Union.

 

Madrid, 27 February 2025. Alianza Shire, Spain’s first multi-stakeholder alliance for humanitarian action, yesterday presented the results of a recently completed energy access project for the refugee and host populations of Dollo Ado, a remote area in southern Ethiopia hundreds of kilometres from the electricity grid and without access to basic infrastructure.

Thanks to this project – co-financed with 3.05 million euros by the European Union through the AECID, which in turn has contributed 741,600 euros – electrification work based on photovoltaic solar energy has been carried out, which has contributed to mitigating the lack of access to energy in homes, irregular access to community services (such as schools or health centres) and the lack of lighting at night in the refugee camps of Kobe and Hilaweyn, two of the five camps in Dollo Ado.

With more than one million refugees, Ethiopia is one of the world’s leading host countries and the third largest in Africa. The five camps in Dollo Ado – Bokolmanyo, Kobe, Buramino, Hilaweyn and Melkadida – located in the Somali region of Ethiopia, host more than 218,000 refugees from Somalia. In the face of such population displacements, access to energy is one of the main priorities, as it enables access to other basic services such as education, health, livelihood generation, security, etc.

 

Renewable energy solutions and their impact on the population

The project deployed by Alianza Shire partners – facilitated by AECID in collaboration with itdUPM – has involved different solutions based on renewables and aimed at solving the lack of access to energy: an isolated solar mini-grid, 207 solar luminaires for street lighting and more than 1,700 isolated photovoltaic systems for access to household electricity service.

Developed under the coordination of Iberdrola, the mini-grid (125Wp / 161kWh) has been installed at the Kobe refugee camp and is providing stable power to up to 16 community centres, such as health facilities, schools and administrative buildings, as well as supplying electric cooking in five schools.

Its design has followed the principles of an energy community, where the beneficiary institutions participate in the decisions as co-managers of the energy produced. This solution is making it possible to respond to the problem of frequent power cuts that prevented the correct functioning of critical services for community life, and is benefiting some 9,500 people.

In Kobe, 207 solar luminaires have also been installed, which are illuminating several of the paths in the refugee camp and its host community. Donated by the Signify Foundation – and thanks to the facilitation of AECID for their import and installation – these lighting solutions have an integrated panel and battery that allow them to store the solar energy they receive during the day and illuminate the paths as soon as night falls, without the need to deploy wiring.

Thanks to these luminaires, which have been located with the participation of the local population, especially women and children, the percentage of public spaces illuminated has increased from 13% of the territory to approximately 45%, and some 38,000 people are safer after dark.

Finally, through coordination with the Acciona.org Foundation, AECID, itdUPM and local partner Save the Environment Ethiopia (SEE), in Hilaweyn – where 98% of households had no access to electricity – more than 1,700 third-generation home photovoltaic systems have been distributed and installed, which are providing electricity to the homes of some 13,000 people, both refugees and the host community.

The model of household electricity service provision deployed in Hilaweyn, designed to last over time, is the result of an adaptation to the humanitarian context of the rural electrification initiative ‘Luz en Casa’, which the acciona.org Foundation implements in different countries, and which is based on the idea of service provision, with the monitoring of the operation and maintenance of the systems. In this way, the use of electric light, some electrical appliances or the charging of mobile phones, as well as their positive impact on the economy, education, productivity or the environment of the beneficiary communities, can be sustained in the long term.

The overall project has been implemented in coordination with the UN Refugee Agency and the Ethiopian government agency Refugee and Returnees Service (RRS).

Sustainability and partnership work, cross-cutting themes of the Dollo Ado project

In each of the energy solutions implemented in the Kobe and Hilaweyn refugee camps, the aim was to ensure not only the quality but also the sustainability of the installation over time.

To this end, innovative economic and management models have been designed, based on multi-stakeholder collaboration involving the coordination and engagement of local organisations such as the NGO SEE, the energy cooperatives in the two refugee camps, the Ethiopian government agency Refugee and Returnees Service (RRS), and the refugee population and host communities themselves.

In particular, the Hilaweyn and Kobe energy cooperatives play a key role in these models. These are two local companies formed by refugees and host communities, trained in the management and maintenance of energy solutions, and financed through the payment of small fees by the beneficiaries – be they institutions or individuals – which in this way become jointly responsible for the energy solution installed.

The design and implementation of the various energy solutions and management models is an innovation in the field of energy access in humanitarian contexts, and has been made possible by the private sector and public institutions working closely together in the framework of Alianza Shire.

 

Following the recent conclusion of the energy access project carried out in the refugee camps and host communities of Dollo Ado (Ethiopia), Alianza Shire will hold a meeting on Wednesday 26 February at 9:00 am in the auditorium of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID) in Madrid.

The event will not only be an opportunity to share the results, impact and lessons learned from collaborative work in recent years, but also a space to reflect on partnerships and access to energy in humanitarian action in a global context of climate change and increasing populations on the move.

Under the slogan “Alianza Shire: Ten years of experience in access to energy in humanitarian contexts. Challenges and opportunities”, representatives of the member organisations of the alliance, Ethiopian entities that have participated in the project, as well as relevant actors in the humanitarian, innovation and climate change fields will take part in the event.

The event will be held in Spanish and English, will be in person and can be followed online through AECID’s Youtube channel.

 

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AGENDA OF THE EVENT:

09:00h – Reception of participants

09:30h – Institutional welcome

09:35h – Alianza Shire: collaborating since 2014

10:00h – Results and impact of Alianza Shire project in Dollo Ado (Ethiopia)

10:45h – Coffee break

11:15h – Panel discussion: Climate change and populations on the move. Energy access in humanitarian action from a global perspective.

12:30h – Closure

On Thursday 28 November, Mario Fanjul, Head of Spanish Development Cooperation in Ethiopia, represented Alianza Shire at the 10th State Conference of Institute for Studies on Conflict and Humanitarian Action (IECAH, in Spanish).

Under the theme “The value of working together in crisis response: beyond coordination”, the conference aimed to look at initiatives that demonstrate how the humanitarian sector needs to work with other actors who are not traditionally part of the humanitarian spectrum, and to analyse the main challenges and opportunities that such collaboration presents.

The conference was held in two sessions. The first session took place at La Casa Encendida on 27 November, and the following day an online session entitled “Collaboration beyond traditional spaces” focused on specific case studies, such as the Alianza Shire.

 

 

In his speech, Mario Fanjul, after describing the work carried out by the alliance partners in Melkadida and its concrete results, shared with the participants some reflections and lessons learned after ten years of working together.

He explained that partnerships should not be a fad and that it is essential to define the roles and interests of the different partners honestly. He also stressed that “working in multi-stakeholder partnerships that go beyond traditional spaces requires establishing decision-making mechanisms” and “defining the level of involvement and the real scope of each member”.

He also noted that “working in alliance is an exercise in generosity” and that “sometimes it is necessary to give up space” and recognise “how we are all contributing to the same goal”.

Finally, he highlighted a key element of working in collaborative models, stating that “multi-stakeholder alliances are spaces for generating innovative solutions, but especially for meaningful innovation”.

 

 

Watch the vídeo

 

On 17 December, four Alianza Shire representatives were interviewed on RNE’s “Africa hoy” programme.

Rosario Sánchez, Manager of Sustainable Development and Agenda 2030 at Iberdrola; Macarena Romero, Head of Humanitarian Action Programmes at AECID in Ethiopia; Sonia Ramos, Coordinator of the Shire Alliance Project Office; and Jordi Manrique, Spokesperson for Signify, spoke with journalist Mavi Aldana, host of the programme.

The interview focused mainly on the work of the Alianza Shire in Kobe: the installation of solar street lighting and its impact on the safety of women and girls in rural areas; the solar mini-grid that provides stable energy for community services through a management model inspired by energy communities; and finally, the keys to success.

In response to this question, all four interviewees agreed that the keys to the success of this project were the clarity of the shared goal, the sustained commitment of all alliance partners, active listening throughout the process, and shared decision-making.

 

Escucha aquí el programa

 

On 6 November, Addis Ababa witnessed a High-Level Forum promoted by Alianza Shire, an event that marked the culmination of years of work by the alliance partners to provide access to energy in the Kobe and Hilaweyn refugee camps and host communities in Dollo Ado (Ethiopia). The meeting brought together key actors of the project and the humanitarian sector in Ethiopia, and allowed for the sharing of results, lessons learned and future perspectives on this initiative.

Under the title “Access to renewable energy in humanitarian contexts in ETHIOPIA: Empowering refugees and host communities through sustainable energy solutions”, Sofie From-Emmesbergera, European Union Ambassador to Ethiopia, the Spanish Ambassador to Ethiopia, Guillermo López Mac-Lellan, and Bernard Inkoom, UNHCR representative in the country, took part in the meeting.

Representatives of different organisations involved in the project were also present: AECID, the Ethiopian NGO Save the Environment Ethiopia (SEE), Iberdrola, Acciona.org, or itdUPM; as well as members of organisations from the humanitarian sector, such as GIZ Ethiopia, the World Food Programme, Humanitarian Energy; and representatives of local public authorities, such as RRS or Woredas.

 

Project results and impact on the communities

An institutional welcome was followed by a presentation of the concrete results of the project. Then, in the spirit of opening the conversation on energy access management models in humanitarian contexts, and the sustainability of energy interventions, different multi-stakeholder dialogues were held with representatives of Alianza Shire, local public institutions and the main humanitarian organisations or organisations specialised in energy access.

The first panel was opened by Lucía Prieto, Director of AECID‘s Humanitarian Action Office, who gave a historical perspective of Alianza Shire, highlighting how in 2014 it mobilised multi-sectoral efforts to install sustainable energy solutions in the Adi-Harush refugee camp (in the Shire region), benefiting 8,000 people. The project then expanded to other camps such as Kobe and Hilaweyn (in Dollo Ado in the Somali region), benefiting more than 50,000 refugees and local community members, with the installation of street lighting, a solar mini-grid and more than 1,700 home photovoltaic systems.

What have the impacts been? Abdulkadir Fareh, from the NGO Save the Environment Ethiopia (SEE), explained that street lighting has not only improved security, but has allowed for the expansion of economic activities at night, strengthening social cohesion. ‘For women, going out at night is no longer a source of fear, and local businesses have flourished with extended hours,’ he said.

In addition, access to renewable energy has reduced dependence on firewood, in this way mitigating deforestation and contributing to environmental sustainability, said Iberdrola representative Rosario Sánchez. In particular, the installation of the mini-grid, which already provides reliable and consistent electricity to 16 community centres in Kobe (including schools and health centres), now facilitates essential services such as refrigeration of medicines, sterilisation of facilities and improved educational environments.

Macarena Romero, from AECID, mainly pointed out the impacts that the intervention has had in each camp. For example, in the Hilaweyn camp, more than 1,700 households benefit from solar energy, and schools in Kobe have undergone a major transformation: students can now study in good conditions, and school feeding programmes have improved nutrition and attendance.

Cristina Ruiz of Fundación acciona.org focused on the impact of technical training for local cooperatives in both refugee camps, which now have the capacity to maintain the solar infrastructure and manage the energy systems autonomously. “This not only fosters local ownership but ensures that the benefits of the project extend beyond its initial implementation”, she said.

Even with positive results, guests shared that challenges remain, such as ensuring the availability of spare parts by connecting local energy cooperatives with spare parts suppliers and getting the local community to accept a fee-for-service model.

Regarding the latter, Manuel Pastor (Fundación acciona.org) defended the need for a fee-for-service model, which is essential to maintain the infrastructure in the long term. “The transition from a subsidy-based model to a service provision model in which beneficiaries contribute financially poses challenges in terms of community acceptance. In the case of Alianza Shire, this change required extensive dialogue and educational efforts to ensure that the community understood the value of sustained service delivery over time”, he said.

 

Looking to the future: expanding the model and the challenge of sustainability

The Forum concluded with a call to expand successful solutions to other refugee camps and host communities, always adapting models to local contexts. Moderated by Stefan Wetzel, representative of the European Union, and Javier Mazorra of itdUPM, the panellists agreed that collaboration between humanitarian actors, private companies and local communities is essential to ensure the sustainability of these initiatives.

All in all, Alianza Shire has demonstrated that access to energy can transform lives, generating economic opportunities, strengthening education and protecting the environment. However, for these gains to be lasting, it is essential to combine sustained funding, foster partnerships and promote a participatory approach that puts communities at the centre of development.

 

A key player in the deployment of the mini-grid which is already supplying community services in the Kobe refugee camp and its host community is the consulting and engineering company Trama TecnoAmbiental (TTA).

This is a global company that is a pioneer in the field of mini-grids based on 100% renewable or hybrid energies, and which, in the case of Alianza Shire, has worked side by side with Iberdrola, AECID and itdUPM, taking charge of the design and engineering of the mini-grid, as well as the processes of purchasing materials and commissioning.

To better understand their role in the project developed by Alianza Shire, we interviewed Sergi Pedra, industrial engineer, project manager at TTA and one of the main people responsible for making the mini-grid a reality today.

Sergi, thank you for your time. Could you start by telling us about TTA’s role in the Alianza Shire project in Dollo Ado?

TTA has a long track record of providing solutions using different types of technology, always based on renewable energy, for a wide range of clients. In the case of Alianza Shire, TTA was the EPCC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction, and Commissioning) contractor. This means that we were responsible for the engineering, procurement of all equipment and materials, the construction of the installation, and the commissioning of the mini-grid to supply electricity to 16 community services in the Kobe Refugee Camp. By community services, we mean hospitals, schools, recreation centres, local government offices and offices of international organisations that are present and active in the camp.

What technical solution has been designed and implemented in this project and what are its characteristics?

A mini-grid is an isolated, off-grid power generation and distribution system based on renewable energy. In the case of the Kobe mini-grid, one of the key requirements was that it had to provide uninterrupted power to all the community services I mentioned earlier, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, because they included health centres. Once we had the load profiles – that is, once we knew how much energy each of them consumed and when – we dimensioned the whole system, so we designed both the generation part and the distribution part, and we also included a storage part with batteries to serve the hospital centres, which also provide services at night.

One of the unique features of this mini-grid is that all the community centres are equipped with smart meters, which allow energy management in a very simple and automatic way. Another feature is that the system automatically detects illegal connections.

Have you had experience of working in a specific context such as a refugee camp? How would you describe the experience of working with and for a refugee population?

Personally, I had a very intense first period of work in the Middle East and Asia, for example in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Bangladesh, Pakistan. And in Africa, in recent years I have worked in Malawi, Tanzania, Mauritania, Egypt and now Ethiopia. In projects like Malawi, it was a small installation with a short implementation period, so contact with the beneficiaries was limited. In contrast, with the Shire Alliance project, I have actually lived in the field for two months and the interaction with the local community is much deeper and more intense.

The experience of working in a refugee camp was unique, so you become aware of where the project is taking place and who you are working for. For example, in the camp there are centres for treating post-arrival trauma in people who usually come from very difficult situations of conflict, violent persecution… In a way, this gives an extra motivation to the work that we do.

I would like to emphasise that we have of course worked ‘for’ the refugee population, but above all ‘with’ them. The ‘with’ was very important.

 

 

The Shire Alliance was founded ten years ago on the hypothesis that when faced with complex problems such as access to energy in humanitarian aid, combining the experience of different and complementary organisations can produce better results than working separately.

But working in partnership also brings challenges, multiple interlocutors, etc. What was it like for you to work with Alianza Shire?

My overall assessment is very positive. It was enriching to work with the group of experts set up for this purpose, which included profiles from different organisations. As the project progressed and we encountered difficulties or challenges, we met almost every week to discuss how to solve them. And we met very good professionals who helped us to perfect the solutions we were offering, with a very practical perspective and a lot of knowledge.

One thing we really appreciated was that the proposed solutions were always backed by strict quality and security standards, and the process was very rigorous. Sometimes there are organisations with a very good purpose, but they neglect quality when working in developing countries. In this case, it was the other way round: we were very strict with the standards that Iberdrola manages in Europe, and that is something we value very highly. In addition, the learning has been mutual: for example, we have contributed something new on our side with smart meters.

There has also been very close cooperation with AECID, which has helped us a lot in all operational matters, and with itdUPM we have produced a very detailed and practical operation and maintenance manual for local agents. I would say that we have all benefited in both ways.

Sometimes there are organisations with a very good purpose, but they neglect quality when working in developing countries. In this case, it was the other way round: we were very strict with the standards that Iberdrola manages in Europe, and that is something we value very highly

And what about the challenges?

It has been a challenge to keep up with the demands of the whole world in a context where there were many factors beyond our control and with very short timeframes. More generally, the great challenge of working in a partnership is how to channel all the value of each person and each organisation towards the common goal, without losing strength in the process.

The great challenge of working in a partnership is how to channel all the value of each person and each organisation towards the common goal, without losing strength in the process.

 

In 2019, the World Bank stated that solar mini-grids have the potential to provide clean energy to around 500 million people by 2030, presenting them as one of the main solutions to reduce the energy gap, especially in developing countries. What would you say is the current trend in this regard? What are the main barriers and opportunities for wider deployment of this type of solution?

The trend is continuing and increasing. The World Bank is strongly committed to this type of solution, which offers great opportunities in areas such as Africa, where the population is widely dispersed in areas far from the central grid.

Mini-grids undoubtedly offer versatility and greater energy reliability than many national grids, which suffer from recurrent power outages. When equipment – such as in a hospital – is very sensitive and can break down, the stability of the power supply is critical.

The two biggest barriers to further expansion of mini-grids are the capital required at the outset, which is significant, and the availability of trained staff to maintain them at an operational level. In the case of Alianza Shire, the management model is very good, because they have a local energy cooperative that we have involved from the beginning, and we are training them specifically to maintain and operate the mini-grid, and also with a model of financial sustainability.

The two biggest barriers to further expansion of mini-grids are the capital required at the outset, which is significant, and the availability of trained staff to maintain them at an operational level.

On Wednesday 6 November, a high-level meeting will be held at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Addis Ababa to hear about the results of the Shire Alliance’s work in Dollo Ado and to discuss key issues of energy access in humanitarian action, such as the cross-cutting impacts of energy and the sustainability of energy interventions in displacement situations.

Entitled “Access to renewable energy in humanitarian contexts in ETHIOPIA: Empowering refugees and host communities through sustainable energy solutions”, the meeting will be attended by representatives of the European Union (the project’s main donor), the Spanish Ambassador to Ethiopia, Guillermo López Mac-Lellan, and Bernard Inkoom, UNHCR’s representative in the country.

There will also be representatives from various organisations involved in the project: AECID, the Ethiopian NGO Save the Environment Ethiopia (SEE), Iberdrola, Acciona.org and ITD UPM.

In order to open the debate on energy access management models in humanitarian contexts and the sustainability of energy interventions, the second part of the meeting will feature various multi-stakeholder dialogues with representatives of the Shire Alliance, local public institutions and the main humanitarian organisations or organisations specialised in energy access.

AGENDA OF THE EVENT

Sharing the knowledge generated by the Alianza Shire members with other actors in the international community has always been one of the alliance’s goals. Indeed, all the Alianza Shire’s manuals and reports are published under the Creative Commons licence. However, until now there has been no single, publicly accessible repository of this documentation.

With the dual intention of practicing good knowledge management within Alianza Shire and sharing the experience of this multi-stakeholder partnership with other organisations and practitioners, we are launching this specific and open site with all the technical and scientific experience built up by the members of Alianza Shire during its first ten years of life.

The tool, built on the Notion platform, allows us to visualise in an agile and clear way what phases Alianza Shire has gone through during these years, what knowledge products have been generated, and also allows us to filter them according to different criteria.

In the “Technical Reports” section it is possible to find the project impact reports, which provide a detailed overview of the progress, results and impact achieved in the key areas of the project, giving an overall view of its impact.

In the “Scientific production” section, you will find scientific articles published by researchers on aspects relevant to the work of Alianza Shire (such as the facilitation of multi-stakeholder partnerships or the relationship between collaboration and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals).

The “Educational Activities UPM” section includes all the final projects (bachelor’s or master’s degrees) of students from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, whose research has contributed to systematising the partnership’s knowledge and opening up new areas for innovation.

Finally, in the last section, it is possible to access the database of all the documentation in three different ways: by theme, by document or by technical file.

The result of this collective effort makes the technical and academic knowledge of the first ten years of Alianza Shire much more accessible.

Alianza Shire publishes the technical document ‘Designing a solar street lighting intervention in Kobe refugee camp’ to contribute to the knowledge of the international community of practitioners in the field of energy access in humanitarian contexts.

This is a technical report detailing the methodology used to gather information on the state of street lighting in Kobe Refugee Camp and its host community, with the aim of informing the participatory design of the intervention.

The methodology consisted of a literature review of relevant international initiatives, field data collection, analysis of this data and development of design proposals. After several discussions with local stakeholders and cross-checking of the above information, the final technical design was developed, leading to the installation of the solar lights.

Thanks to this project, 87 new solar street lights were installed and 118 non-functioning solar lights were replaced. As a result of this intervention, the area illuminated increased from 13.80% (17.17 hectares) to approximately 45.59% (56.74 hectares).

In areas identified as vulnerable, lighting coverage increased from 9.48% (2.72 hectares) to 33.39% (9.57 hectares), with a clear positive impact on the lives of women and girls.

 

 

One of the key components of the Alianza Shire’s intervention in Kobe -the creation of a solar mini-grid capable of providing clean, renewable energy to 16 community services- has finally completed the installation phase, which began in June, and is now fully operational following testing.

Thanks to this system, community spaces including schools, health centers, NGO offices, and local institutions are now receiving the energy needed for essentials like lighting, fan-powered cooling, computer operation, refrigeration, communication devices, and even electric cookers for school meal preparation.

The management model, the key to the sustainability of the mini-grid over time

To ensure that the energy supply is consistently reliable, of high quality, affordable, safe, and sustainable in the long run, Alianza Shire has spent three years developing a robust management model. This model, tailored to the unique humanitarian context and project constraints, is illustrated in the infographic below.

 

In this model, the mini-grid supplies 16 prioritized community services, with institutions responsible for these services—such as UNHCR and Save the Children—connected as an energy community. As co-managers of the energy produced, these institutions participate in decision-making alongside the Ethiopian government’s Refugee & Returnee Service (RRS), which is responsible for protecting refugees and coordinating aid across the country. After installation, Alianza Shire (AECID, itdUPM e Iberdrola en colaboración con ACNUR) transferred ownership of the mini-grid to the RRS.

The RRS then delegated the mini-grid’s operation and maintenance to a local energy cooperative, comprising members of both the refugee and host communities. This cooperative is also responsible for managing payments from beneficiary institutions via a financial institution. Each month, beneficiary institutions contribute a solidarity fee proportional to their energy use. These contributions cover the cooperative’s operational costs and create a reserve fund for replacement components, with fees significantly lower than the area’s typical costs for energy services (electricity, fuel, or firewood).

In short, this model fosters cooperation across various stakeholders to provide a renewable, sustainable, and efficient electricity service adapted to the needs of beneficiary institutions. The project brings substantial environmental and social benefits to the community.